Good Reason

It's okay to be wrong. It's not okay to stay wrong.

Category: atheism (page 14 of 17)

Music vs lyrics

I’ve been doing lots of Christmas music with my two choirs this week. Last week it was “An Australian Bush Christmas”, with lots of Wheeler and James. You non-Australians have probably never heard of such Christmas classics as “The Three Drovers”, “The Silver Stars Are in the Sky”, and “Sing Gloria”, which is a shame because they really are lovely carols, and very Australian. And tomorrow it’s Handel’s Messiah, which I’ve decided to perform from memory, partly because this is my 7th year and it’s about time, and partly because I don’t know which box my score is in.

Christmas music is one of my favourite things about the season, but have you noticed that the songs are very frequently about Jebus? Funny that. And it’s giving this atheist a case of the screaming jeebies. I want to enjoy it for the music, but it’s hard to do when it means you’re affirming the existence of angels, resurrection, and salvation from non-existent punishment. It’s enough to drive you to reindeer.

I mean, the Messiah is gorgeous and so fun to perform. But I kind of grit my teeth during “I Know That My Redeemer Liveth”, and I feel the incongruity especially keenly during “Since By Man Came Death”, where the choir sings “E’en so, in Christ shall all be made alive.” And I realise that I’m somehow reifying a view I think is false.

I still love Christmas, and I hope that by celebrating it, I can contribute to its secularisation. But the religious nature of it is so entrenched in all that lovely musical tradition. I suppose I’ll eventually either relax about it and capitulate, or else stop performing it.

Religion and humanism in Australian schools

Compared to the USA, Australia might seem like a secular paradise. But unfortunately there are weird little pockets of godbaggery, too. In Victoria, for example, religions get access to schoolkids to promote their fictional beliefs. But now humanists will get equal time.

VICTORIAN state primary school students will soon have an alternative — religious education lessons taught by people who do not believe in God and say there is “no evidence of any supernatural power”.

The Humanist Society of Victoria has developed a curriculum, which the State Government accreditation body says it intends to approve, to deliver 30-minute lessons each week of “humanist applied ethics” to primary pupils.

Sounds interesting. I’d go.

But the Christianists are none too happy about more groups horning in on their racket.

[T]he body that accredits Victoria’s 3500 Christian religious instruction volunteers, Access Ministries, says humanism is not a religion and so should not be taught in religious education time.

This is a funny little issue. Is hum-atheism a religion or not? Here the Christians are claiming it’s not, so it shouldn’t be taught. But elsewhere when Christians are denied access to a captive school audience, they turn around and claim that atheism is a religion, and since kids are exposed to the ‘religion’ of atheism, they should also be exposed to the religion of religion.

Atheism should not be considered a religion, any more than not collecting stamps is a hobby. I can see why people would disagree though. When someone asks, “What’s your religion?” I say “I’m an atheist,” which I think of as an indirect response, but someone else might not. I suppose the most generous admission I could make is that atheism is something like a setting on the religion parameter. But that simply suggests that atheism is a certain view on religion rather than a religion itself. I think we atheists should resist the temptation to take advantage of the benefits that religions accrue. As these humanists seem to have done.

The Humanist Society does not consider itself to be a religious organisation and believes ethics have “no necessary connection with religion”. Humanists believe people are responsible for their own destiny and reject the notion of a supernatural force or God.

The hilarious part for me:

Fundamentalist Christian group the Salt Shakers panned the idea of humanists being given religious education class time.

Research director Jenny Stokes said: “If you go there, where do you stop? What about witchcraft or Satanism?

“If you accredit humanism, then those things would have an equal claim to be taught in schools.”

At last she gets it. Except she needs to start with ‘If you accredit Christianity…’. Because she’s right — if you allow one mythology to be promoted in schools, you need to promote them all. And is that what schools want to spend their time doing? If you want to promote ethics (which sounds good to me), why not have a secular curriculum that privileges no particular religion over any other? In essence, a humanist one, not a religious one.

Action item: Call and support free speech

Seems that Washington DC Metro is copping some heat over the atheist bus ads.

More than 200 people have complained to Metro about an ad campaign that questions believing in God. One person praised the campaign.

That should be a little higher, don’t you think?

The ads by the American Humanist Association first appeared on buses two weeks ago and inside buses Monday. They say, “Why believe in a god? Just be good for goodness’ sake.”

Metro spokeswoman Candace Smith said the ads have sparked more complaints than usual.

“As a public agency, Metro must observe the First Amendment with respect to the acceptance of commercial advertising,” Smith said. “Although we understand that feelings and perceptions will vary among individuals within the community, we cannot reject advertising because an individual, or group, finds it inappropriate or offensive.”

So even though their policy requires them to accept ads, I think Metro deserves some props for their commitment to the 1st Amendment guarantee of freedom of speech.

Here’s your assignment. Call the DC Metro on (202) 637 1328 during business hours (9am – 5pm EST), and commend them for running the ‘Why Believe in a God’ ads on buses. Or, if you don’t want to phone, you can leave a customer comment on their website, found here. Now get busy.

UPDATE: While you’re at it, would you mind calling the office of Washington Governor Christine Gregoire? The number is 360-902-4111.

She’s been getting some flack about an atheist message in the capitol building. It says:

At this season of the Winter Solstice may reason prevail. There are no gods, no devils, no angels, no heaven or hell. There is only our natural world. Religion is but myth and superstition that hardens hearts and enslaves minds.

Opposition has been trumped up by Fox TV’s Bill O’Reilly, who has encouraged viewers to call and complain.

Fox News’ Bill O’Reilly had an eight-minute segment on his show Tuesday night decrying the inclusion of the atheistic billboard along with a holiday tree and a Christian nativity scene.

Conservative TV personality O’Reilly called the display “political correctness gone mad” and urged viewers to call Gov. Christine Gregoire’s office to complain.

Gregoire spokesman Pearse Edwards says the office has been getting about 200 calls an hour, as well as e-mails.

I’m actually glad that O’Reilly’s come out against the sign. First, it means that the oogedy-boogedy religious wing of the GOP is not lying down and dying. They’ll be alienating voters and causing a headache for the Republican Party for years to come. Second, O’Reilly and his ilk are showing what they stand for. They’re not for freedom of speech. They’re for one view only — theirs. But if you allow one point of view in a public place, it’s only fair to include them all. Or none.

Hey, that’s a solution. Take everything down. The Christmas tree, the atheist sign, the menorah, all of it. Now that’s a war on Christmas! Why do you suppose Bill hates Christmas so much?

Atheist bus ads denied in Australia

In the news:

Australia is supposed to be a secular society, but the Atheist Foundation of Australia says the nation’s biggest outdoor advertising company has refused to run its advertisements.

One of the humorous messages the foundation hoped to put on the back of buses was, “Sleep in on Sunday mornings”.

But the foundation says Australia’s biggest outdoor advertising company, APN Outdoor, had a problem with it.

That does it. I’m boycotting all advertising from APN Outdoor. Next time there’s a billboard, I refuse to look.

Can APN Outdoor turn down the ads, since they are a private company after all? Well, this is some muddy water. A restaurant is a private company, but if they tried refusing atheist customers, they could expect some bad mojo. Even then, there are other restaurants I could go to. But here, APN has a monopoly on the right to sell ad space on buses — public buses at that.

If they were smart, they’d allow it. Every other religion would rush to copy the success of the atheist ads, and APN would be rolling in it. There might be a slight uptick in vandalism on some weeks, but that’s no reason to be a party pooper.

Another atheist bus ad

This is great..

You better watch out. There is a new combatant in the Christmas wars.

Ads proclaiming, “Why believe in a god? Just be good for goodness’ sake,” will appear on Washington, D.C., buses starting next week and running through December. The American Humanist Association unveiled the provocative $40,000 holiday ad campaign Tuesday.

People who make their living by pretending there is a god are unthrilled.

The humanists’ entry into the marketplace of ideas did not impress AFA president Tim Wildmon.

“It’s a stupid ad,” he said. “How do we define ‘good’ if we don’t believe in God? God in his word, the Bible, tells us what’s good and bad and right and wrong. If we are each ourselves defining what’s good, it’s going to be a crazy world.”

Good thing everyone who reads the Bible agrees on what’s right and wrong, right? Not crazy at all.

I can’t decide which one I like more; this, or the one going on in England.


How about some more?

Update: Via Pharyngula, I notice that Bill Donahue, the angriest man in the world, has imploded on Fox News. Everyone gets a mention: Hitler, Stalin, Pol Pot, and the gay terrorists.

They also give the humanist guy about two seconds to rebut all this. If it were me, I hope I’d have said, “Bill, your religion obviously makes it hard for you to be happy or nice. I’m sure glad I don’t share it.”

Or just: “You’re like that Borat guy, aren’t you?”

Nathan Phelps interview

Nathan Phelps, son of Fred Phelps and erstwhile member of the odious Westboro Baptist Church, has managed to break free of the brainwashing inflicted upon him as a child, and is now an atheist. An interview with Nate appears in the Ubyssey.

[Nate and his wife] joined a church, where they met many other families, five of which they became close with.

“Every Sunday, I was listening closely and trying desperately to find something in the preaching or in the words that would convince me that this was right. Even while I was doing that, I was always skeptical…but I never voiced it. I was very good at playing the apologist for the Christian faith. In fact, I had quite a reputation for writing and talking in defence of Christianity.”

The turning point was one Christmas, when Nate decided to teach his children about God. In the end, his son Tyler began crying in the backseat of the car, saying that he didn’t want to go to hell.

“He wanted to believe because he didn’t want to go to hell,” Nate said. “I was just stunned because I didn’t know what I had said or how I had left him with that fear. I thought I was doing a good job of presenting it without the fear.

“Thinking about it after the fact, I realized you can’t do that. With a young mind it doesn’t matter. You can try as much as you want to talk about how good God is, but the bottom line is there’s this intolerably frightening punishment if you don’t accept it. And how does a young mind deal with that?”

It’s worth reading for Nate’s story alone, but as a bonus, Shirley Phelps-Roper herself appears in comments to tell us why Nate is going to Hell, as indeed are all the rest of us.

Remember: God hates figs.

Calm down, all of you.

The scripture of the day:

“We’re sensitive to the fluid dynamics of the campaign, but we have a game plan and a strategy,” said Mr. Obama’s campaign manager, David Plouffe. “We’re familiar with this. And I’m sure between now and Nov. 4 there will be another period of hand-wringing and bed-wetting. It comes with the territory.”

Democrats last week were in a panic over Palin, prompting the run on adult diapers that reverberated through the economy, inadvertently destroying Lehman Brothers, fomenting global warming, and hastening the eventual heat death of the universe.

I admit to indulging in a bit of the panic. One night I woke up at 3, worrying that Obama was going to lose this thing. Another night I dreamed that McCain had asked me to be his running mate. There I was thinking, “What am I doing on the Republican ticket?” (It has occurred to me since that I’d be a stronger running mate than Palin. I don’t have any foreign policy experience, but I do have a degree in International Relations.)

We Democrats do this. We fret and fume, and watch helplessly as the worst people in the world control the dialogue and capture everyone’s attention with the dumbest things. And we worry that, yet again, the scumbags will win.

And every time the polls show the race to be closer than we’d like, we get people telling us that there’s something wrong with what we’re doing. It always seems to be about… the good people. Yes, those simple humble folk who bow their heads and pray around the dinner table every night (with no fancy lettuce, mind you). They’re founts of wisdom, these common decent souls, issuing simple homilies as they hook their thumbs into their armpits and rock back and forth. And we Democrats abuse them mercilessly as we look down our urban noses at their pious ways. We’re losing… (wait for it!)… people of faith.

Here’s a prognosticator now. Scott Atran.

I’m an atheist liberal academic who strongly leans Democrat. But I’m stunned at how blind so many of my colleagues and soul mates are to the historical underpinnings of American political culture and the genuine appeal of religious conservatism for so many of our fellow citizens.

Among many Republican conservatives, one factor strongly correlates with patriotism and national security, is of even more overriding concern in daily life, and stands inseparable from love of country. Religion.

Well, it’s one thing to understand the appeal religion has for people, and quite another to be infected with it yourself. I only wish Democrats were more immune to it — they’re nowhere near as secular as Atran is suggesting.

Or this article from Jonathan Haidt. I’ve linked to him before.

When Republicans say that Democrats “just don’t get it,” this is the “it” to which they refer. Conservative positions on gays, guns, god, and immigration must be understood as means to achieve one kind of morally ordered society. When Democrats try to explain away these positions using pop psychology they err, they alienate, and they earn the label “elitist.” But how can Democrats learn to see—let alone respect—a moral order they regard as narrow-minded, racist, and dumb?

Now, how is this view different from the “Democrats need to learn some respect” meme seen here? Only in tone, not in substance. If we don’t tell the believers (you know, the ones who are trying to block certain kinds of marriage and birth control) that their views are perfectly valid and very nice, they’ll never vote with us.

As though they ever would. When did Republicans ever concede any ground to us? Now that they’re down in the popularity polls, are they abandoning parts of their social agenda? No-sirree! Are the radio hate jocks acting more conciliatory? With rare exceptions, no. Do we hear Republicans saying that they need to reach out to secular Americans and try to understand us? No, they still think we’re vermin, and they wonder whether we can have any sense of morality at all.

But that could be the point. The antagonistic approach (surprise!) doesn’t win friends. So the question Haidt, Atran, and other concern trolls pose is: Do you want to win elections or don’t you? It’s all very well for you to be right, but do you want to be president?

Well, I understand the concern. I’ve seen the disaster that political and religious fundamentalists have wrought and I’m not anxious for more. But I am not certain that it is worth winning elections at any cost, if part of that cost is abandoning rationality and sinking into the mire of fuzzy-headed spiritism. That’s an approach that’s guaranteed to make the problems we face worse, not better.

And suggesting that Democrats need to mend their ways is silly. How do conservatives magically know what individual Democrats think? How do they know your individual views? Have they asked you? Or are we just being stereotyped — again? I think the latter, and if you feel like modifying your behaviour so others won’t stereotype you, frankly you need to grow a set. If we all changed our ways tomorrow and acted like Atran, Haidt, et al wanted, how long would it take hardcore conservative fundamentalists to even notice? They haven’t yet noticed that Bush is an incompetent liar and they still think Iraq was a fine idea. The reality lag for these people is measured in geological time.

So don’t wait for them. Have your facts straight, pick your battles, and tell people (politely but firmly) when they’re wrong on factual matters. Realise that it may not be possible to be ‘right’ on moral matters — they often won’t be good at realising this — so you may need to state your values clearly, and stay open to change.

Sam Harris’s response to Haidt is my favourite:

How should we live? Is it wrong to lie? If so, why and in what sense? Which personal habits, uses of attention, modes of discourse, social institutions, economic systems, governments, etc. are most conducive to human well-being? It is widely imagined that science cannot even pose, much less answer, questions of this sort.

Jonathan Haidt appears to exult in this pessimism. He doubts that anyone can justifiably make strong, realistic claims about right and wrong, or good and evil, because he has observed that human beings tend to make moral judgments on the basis of emotion, justify these judgments with post hoc reasoning, and stick to their guns even when their post hoc reasoning demonstrably fails…. This reliable failure of human reasoning is just that—a failure of reasoning.

Haidt often writes, however, as if there were no such thing as moral high ground. At the very least, he seems to believe that science will never be able to judge higher from lower. He admonishes us to get it into our thick heads that many of our neighbors “honestly prefer the Republican vision of a moral order to the one offered by Democrats.” Yes, and many of them honestly prefer the Republican vision of cosmology, wherein it is still permissible to believe that the big bang occurred less than ten thousand years ago. These same people tend to prefer Republican doubts about biological evolution and climate change. There are names for this type of “preference,” one of the more polite being “ignorance.” What scientific purpose is served by avoiding this word at all costs?

And second is Roger Schank.

It is all very nice to come up with complex analyses of what is going on. As is often the case, the real answer is quite simple. Most people can’t think very well. They were taught not to think by religion and by a school system that teaches that knowledge of state capitals and quadratic equations is what education is all about and that well reasoned argument and original ideas will not help on a multiple choice test.

We don’t try to get the average child to think in this society so why, as adults would we expect that they actually would be thinking? They think about how the Yankees are doing, and who will win some reality show contest, and what restaurant to eat it, but they are not equipped to think about politics and, in my mind, they are not equipped to vote. The fact that we let them vote while failing to encourage them to think for themselves is a real problem for our society.

Republicans do not try to change voter’s beliefs. They go with them. Democrats appeal to reason. Big mistake.

Well, that’s pretty dark. But maybe (just maybe!) this time the good guys will win. I think so, but I’m an optimist. Obama beat the Clintons, he can beat McCain. Even if he doesn’t, you have to live with yourself more than other people do. So quit your hand-wringing and your bed-wetting. You’re already part of the community on the Web that’s waging the battle of opinions, and setting the agenda for the next Information Age, comment by intelligent well-supported comment. Take heart! Be your own freaky self. Vote.

That is all.

Zing!

Still laughing over this snippet from a Dawkins talkback radio session yesterday.

Dawkins and the radio host talk about what it would have been like to meet Darwin, and the host asks:

Dawkins doesn’t miss a beat.

Shermer lecture: How do we influence others?

Michael Shermer gave an engaging lecture Wednesday night at UWA’s Octagon Theatre. Since it was Science Week, he spoke on the scientific method, and the need for skepticism in evaluating ideas.

And I got to ask him a question. I mentioned in this post that I think he’s backed the wrong horse on the science v. religion question. In ‘Why Darwin Matters’, he seemed to lean toward the ‘Non-Overlapping Magesteria Argument’ — that science is science and spirituality is spirituality, and science can’t examine spirituality. Besides the gaping holes in the argument, it’s just an unscientific view. How can you falsify it?

But I didn’t want to fight over that — I’m sure he knows the terrain. No, I was more curious about the strategy of it all. Here was my question:

Me: I’ve enjoyed reading “Why Darwin Matters.” You give three possibilities for the relationship between science and religion. One is the Conflicting Worlds model, the Same Worlds model, and the Shared Worlds. You seem to reject the idea that science is right and religion is wrong, as an extremist position. Instead you seem to say that God is somehow outside of science.

I was wondering if that’s really your view, (audience laughter) or is this some kind of tactic that we use to lull the religious to sleep so that the grown-ups can do their work?

Shermer: A sop (unintelligible), yes. No, I do think it’s important to strategise how to interact with other people. And if you tell somebody that their most cherished beliefs are bullshit, (bright tone) and now let’s go to the ball game and have fun together! (audience laughter) You know, that isn’t probably the best way to win friends and influence people. It’s always good to try to be polite and respectful and whatever — you’re more likely to change their minds. That’s isn’t necessarily why I do it; that’s the way I am.

But the argument I make is that — that’s why I went through that whole business of aliens and Shermer’s Last Law and all that stuff. You can’t possibly find a god. Most people think of god as this supernatural being, that isn’t just some garage tinkerer, that isn’t just a genetic engineer who’s really good at it. That somehow that isn’t going to fulfill what people think when they think about god. So I really don’t… I can’t possibly imagine any experiment that any scientist could ever run and go, “Oh, look! There is a god! Wow!” Or “Nope! There isn’t, ’cause look. Failed the experiment.” Something like that. I just don’t think you could do that.

Now Dawkins makes an interesting argument in ‘The God Delusion’ about probabilities, that, you know, on a range… a scale of one to seven, what’s the likelihood? No, we can’t say for sure that there isn’t a god, but there probably isn’t. That’s a reasonable argument. But there you’re not using science directly to test the godly probabilities. It’s something slightly different than that.

Did he answer my question?

In a way, kind of. I was left with the feeling like he’s just being nice and giving religious folk on the edges a way to accept Darwin and science. Off the point, he argues that you can’t falsify the supernatural, to which I readily agree.

But this touches on what should be a major issue among atheists: How do you change people’s minds? Shermer’s right: confronting people directly about their beliefs won’t change their minds. You know what else doesn’t change people’s minds? Not confronting them directly about their beliefs. Thinking back to my days as a believer, if you’d said that I could keep my beliefs, that they were perfectly good, but that science is good too, I’ll guarantee you I’d have left the discussion thinking exactly what I was thinking before.

So what does change people’s minds? Well, in many cases, nothing. If people really want to believe in ghosts or UFO’s or Reiki, no evidence will shift ’em. But there are a certain number of smart people who are in a belief system, and eventually they’ll notice the contradictions and feel enough cognitive dissonance to reach escape velocity. For these people, we need to foster a climate where science and evidence are regarded as authoritative and where disbelief is supported (intellectually and socially), until they’re ready to make the jump. Shermer’s certainly doing his part in this by giving lectures about science and scepticism, with intelligence and good humour. I’m doing my part in this by pointing out firmly (and repeatedly) that no evidence exists for the supernatural, and inviting people to show me some. I don’t sugar-coat my point of view, but I don’t think that’ll turn anyone off; the deeply committed won’t listen anyway. And I think it’s important to be direct with people.

Education is one way of promoting good views. Ridicule is one way of discouraging bad views. I do both. If you can’t manage it, you’re only using half the tools at your disposal. But do what you’re comfortable with. I’ll be over here holding the Overton Window on my end. Go ahead and slag me off and call me a militant atheist and an extremist, so you can look moderate by comparison. That’s absolutely part of the strategy. I don’t mind; I’ll take it for the team.

Just please remember that the forces of anti-science are not content to just believe what they believe. They want to influence what everyone believes. Religions constantly expend a great deal of energy in proselyting. They send missionaries around the world, they build publishing factories, and they go about promoting their memes in an organised way. So let’s not kid ourselves that they just want to play softball.

Atheist and agnostic — might you be both?

What’s the difference between an atheist and an agnostic?

One of my atheist friends recently surprised me by describing himself as a Buddhist. I tried not to do a double-take, reminding myself that is possible to distinguish ‘Buddhism the Religion’ from ‘Buddhism the Philosophy’ or ‘Buddhism the Set of Interesting Practices’. Still, it seemed incongruous.

And then there’s my other friend who describes himself as an ‘agnostic’, but doesn’t really disagree with me, the atheist, on any major points. He just seems reluctant to define himself as an atheist.

Deciding what a word ‘means’ can be a tricky proposition, especially on this issue when self-identification comes into it. People are defining ‘atheist’ and ‘agnostic’ by the beliefs of people they know who identify as atheists and agnostics (perhaps even themselves). I’ve met enough meat-eating vegetarians to know that this isn’t the most reliable kind of definition. Then some helpful soul comes running into the discussion with a dictionary, telling us about word parts, and insisting that the etymology of a word is its ‘true meaning’. Which is nonsense, because word meanings change over time, and words mean what speakers think they mean. (Except when the speakers are wrong because they disagree with us more knowledgeable folk.)

Word-watcher that I am, I’d normally observe the debate and not influence it. But as an atheist, it’s a different story. I’ve noticed that the popular definition of these terms is often at variance with what atheists and agnostics actually think, and that ought to count for something. So in this post, I’d like to discuss the definitions of a*ism, and see if we can describe them more accurately in terms of what people (a*ists and not) mean by these terms.

As a English-speaking youth, before I’d thought about this area very much, I absorbed these definitions:

atheist: someone who knows (believes very strongly, is absolutely certain that) there’s no god
agnostic: someone who doesn’t know if there’s a god or not

That is, the difference (I thought) was one of degree of certainty.

At the time, it didn’t seem to me that this ‘atheist position’ was very tenable. How could you be certain that something didn’t exist? You’d have to have a knowledge of everything that existed to know that something wasn’t on the list. Which, ironically, would make you God, or something close.

Well, imagine my surprise to find that no atheist I talked to held that point of view. No atheist I’ve met on- or off-line has professed absolute certainty that god does not exist, though there are some ‘strong atheists’ out there. Instead, atheists I have met reject gods because there’s no evidence for them, and many have expressed willingness to change their minds if evidence turns up.

So if certainty is not the defining characteristic of an atheist, what is? Simply: belief. Atheists believe there are no gods. Here comes the etymology: a, ‘without’ + theos, ‘god’. Someone who is without a god.

Now for agnostic. Etymology: a, ‘not’ + gnosos, ‘knowledge’, or ‘one who doesn’t know’.

A browse of various dictionaries suggests that agnosticism is less about intensity of belief and more of a philosophical stance involving the knowability of god, usually expressed by these two ideas:

1) An agnostic doesn’t know whether gods exist
2) An agnostic thinks the whole question isn’t really knowable

I find both of these ideas perfectly reasonable — to a point. Can we know if a god really exists, if that god hides from people and is perfectly good at covering her tracks? No, any more than we can know about UFO’s or invisible pink unicorns. Where I differ from agnostics is what to do about it. With no supporting evidence, I just assume it’s all bogus, but I’ll re-examine if need be. The agnostic reserves judgement, as though the two possibilities are equiprobable, and that’s simply not justified by the data we have.

What I get from these definitions is that atheism and agnosticism are not mutually exclusive categories. They’re describing two different things. Here are, I think, more accurate descriptions:

agnostic: Someone who recognises that the ‘existence of gods’ issue can’t be proven either way with the evidence we have. Agnosticism tells more about what you know about the ontological issues surrounding supernatural beings.
atheist: Someone who doesn’t believe that gods exist. Whether you’re an atheist or not has more to do with what your conclusion, yes or no, given all of the uncertainty surrounding the issue.

That explains why my self-described agnostic friend and I agree on the issues. He doesn’t know if gods exist, and to be perfectly honest, I don’t know either, I just don’t find the evidence compelling. So in that sense, my friend and I are both agnostic. And neither of us really thinks that gods exist, though we’re open to evidence. So in that sense we’re both atheists. I’m just more willing to call myself an atheist than he is.

We could plot individuals on a graph:


Quadrant 1 is me, the non-believer who nonetheless says you can’t be absolutely certain either way. Quadrant 2 is the believing agnostic, also known as ‘the bet-hedger’. (If I were a god, I would send them to hell for believing in me in such a gain-driven and cowardly way.) Quadrant 3 is the believer, and in quadrant 4 we could perhaps find the ‘strong atheist’.

These definitions are pretty close to what people already think the terms mean. Defining them this way emphasises certain aspects of a*ism in a way that helps to explain the variation in belief that we see, and gets rid of a lot of overlap between the terms.

People will still define atheism and agnosticism variously, but there are signs that this view I have presented has some acceptance. I was somewhat startled at this site, devoted to sorting out frequently confused words. The entry for ‘atheist’ reads:

atheist: one who assumes there are no gods or divinities but will accept the possibility should extraordinary evidence occur
agnostic: one who believes the existence of God cannot be proved or disproved

I fully approve.

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